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发信人: ersy (Green Mouse), 信区: Aero
标 题: Experts Work to ID Astronauts’ Remains(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年02月05日14:14:20 星期三), 站内信件
【 以下文字转载自 Green 讨论区 】
【 原文由 leonado 所发表 】
NASA officials said Sunday that there have been at least three reports of
local officials finding body parts found on farmland and along rural roads
near the Texas-Louisiana state line. That's the same region where the search
for shuttle debris is concentrating.
Among the remains recovered are a charred torso, thigh bone and skull with
front teeth, and a charred leg. An empty astronaut's helmet also could
contain some genetic traces.
"Remains of some astronauts have been found," said Eileen Hawley, a
spokeswoman for Johnson Space Center. But the space agency gave out few other
details.
Bob Cabana, director of flight crew operations, had said earlier Sunday that
remains of all seven astronauts had been found, but later corrected himself.
The remains may be analyzed at the same center that identified the remains of
the Challenger astronauts and the Pentagon victims of the Sept. 11 terrorist
attack, the Charles C. Carson Center for Mortuary Affairs at Dover Air Force
Base in Delaware.
Officials had initially said identification would be done at Dover, but a
base spokeswoman, Lt. Olivia Nelson, said Sunday: "Things are a little more
tentative now. We're just not sure at this point."
She said she didn't know where else the remains might be sent.
DNA Testing May Be Needed
Israel's U.S. ambassador was in Houston conferring with NASA officials about
the remains of astronaut Ilan Ramon, who was an Israeli fighter pilot. Under
Jewish law, mourners normally must bury their dead within 24 hours, then
immediately begin observing a mourning ritual.
Experts said the identification process for the seven astronauts who died in
the accident may depend on DNA testing.
"DNA analysis certainly can do it if there are any cells left," said Carrie
Whitcomb, director of the National Center for Forensic Science in Orlando,
Fla. "If there is enough tissue to pick up, then there are lots of cells."
Nor does the DNA have to come from soft tissue.
"Identification can be made with hair and bone, too," said University of
Texas physicist Manfred Fink. "Unless the body was very badly burned, there
is no reason why there shouldn't be remains and it should not hinder the
work."
DNA isn't the only tool available. Despite the extreme nature of the
accident, simpler identification methods, such as fingerprints, can be used
if the corresponding body parts survived re-entry through the atmosphere.
Dental records and X-rays from astronauts' medical files can provide matching
information, making the discovery of the skull and the leg particularly
valuable, experts said.
Debris All Over Texas
But forensic experts were less certain whether laboratory methods could
compensate for remains that were contaminated by the toxic fuel and chemicals
used throughout the space shuttle.
"Those would be new contaminants that we haven't dealt with before," Whitcomb
said.
Despite the hundreds and hundreds of debris sightings swamping law
enforcement officials in Texas, recognizable portions of the crew's capsule
had not yet been found.
"If the bodies had been removed from the safeguard of the cabin, they would
have totally burned up and very little could be recovered," Fink said. If the
bodies were shielded by portions of the cabin until impact with the ground,
he said, identification would be easier.
Advances in ID Technology
Disasters such as the World Trade Center attack pushed the science of
identification technologies to use new methods, chemicals and analytical
software to identify remains that had been burned or pulverized. Researchers
said they can work not only with much smaller biological samples, but smaller
fragments of the genetic code itself that every human cell contains.
In the 1986 Challenger explosion, an external fuel tank explosion ripped
apart the spacecraft 73 seconds after liftoff from the Florida coast.
Questions about the demise of the Challenger crew persisted during the
investigation that followed.
Challenger's nose section, with the crew cabin inside, was blown free from
the explosion and plummeted 8.7 miles from the sky. NASA learned from flight
deck intercom recordings and the apparent use of some emergency oxygen packs
that at least some of the astronauts were alive during Challenger's final
plunge. The capsule shattered after hitting the ocean at 207 mph.
Two years after the disaster, NASA officials said forensic analysis did not
specifically reveal conclusive evidence about either the cause or time of the
astronauts' death.
On Saturday, Columbia's crew had no chance of surviving after the shuttle
broke up at 207,135 feet above Earth. The spacecraft was exposed to re-entry
temperatures of 3,000 degrees while traveling at 12,500 mph, or 18 times the
speed of sound.
After the 1996 crash of TWA flight 800 off Long Island, scientists were able
to identify all 230 victims from tissue fragments collected from the ocean.
An identification rate of 100 percent was almost unheard of at the time.
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