Aero 版 (精华区)
发信人: ersy (Green Mouse), 信区: Aero
标 题: Seeking ‘Missing Link’(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年02月05日14:14:24 星期三), 站内信件
【 以下文字转载自 Green 讨论区 】
【 原文由 leonado 所发表 】
Investigators are trying to determine how a piece of insulation that broke off
and hit the left wing of Columbia during its Jan. 16 launch could have
possibly caused the shuttle to disintegrate Saturday during its re-entry into
the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts on board.
NASA investigators have been looking at a sudden spike in temperature and a
rise in wind resistance during Columbia's final minutes, both of which
suggest the thermal tiles may have been damaged during the launch. Evidence
indicates the temperature on Columbia's left side shot up and the craft was
buffeted by greater wind resistance, forcing its automatic pilot to quickly
change course before it broke up over Texas.
‘We’re Gonna Work Our Darnedest’
At a news briefing this afternoon, shuttle program manager Ron Dittemore said
engineering data shows a rise of 30 degrees to 40 degrees in the left wheel
well about eight minutes before the spacecraft's last radio transmission. The
shuttle temperature rose the normal 15 degrees on the right side over the
same period, he said. All the readings came from sensors underneath the
thermal tiles, on the aluminum hull of the craft.
NASA officials determined that the piece of broken insulation was
approximately 20 by 16 by 6 inches and weighed almost 3 pounds. However,
Dittemore said, the temperature rise does necessarily mean there was
structural damage to the shuttle. The tiles are supposed to protect the
shuttle from the approximately 3,000 degrees of heat generated upon re-entry
into the Earth's atmosphere, and Dittemore said the temperature rise should
have been more drastic if there was structural damage.
"You can't draw the conclusion from the left main gear or the wheel that we
had a breach there," Dittemore said. "If you had a breach there, it seems
logical that the temperature would be higher than just 30 or 40 degrees from
what we normally expect. These relatively small increases in temperature are
telling us something. We're just trying to find out exactly what they're
trying to tell us."
Dittemore indicated that the collection of shuttle debris is going well and
"picking up steam," but investigators are still waiting to recover the
missing part that will explain what cause the sudden temperature rise in
Columbia's final moments.
"That missing link is out there. We just to go out there and find it,"
Dittemore said. "But we may never know the exact root cause and so we're
gonna have to use our best judgment as to root cause. But we're gonna work
our darnedest to figure that out and fix it."
Falling Insulation Wasn’t Seen as Safety Problem
Dittemore said investigators have recovered tile debris in Forth Worth,
Texas, and are hoping to find more in New Mexico and Arizona — if it exists.
Still, Bill Readdy, a NASA associate administrator, told a news conference
earlier today that the tiles are only one theory investigators are pursuing.
"Everyone has leaped to the conclusion that that was the cause," Readdy said.
"I'm not ready to say that. … It may certainly be the leading candidate
right now. We have to go through all the evidence and rule things out very
methodically in order to arrive at the cause."
Engineers are also examining 32 seconds of computer data that came just
before all communications with Columbia were lost. That data was previously
ignored because it was considered flawed. However, Dittemore said, getting
information from that data will take more time than initially expected. He
hopes to have some useful insight within a few days.
As for the tile damage theory, NASA has said a foam insulation patch popped
off the fuel tank about 80 seconds after Columbia launched. NASA officials
did not realize this until the next day, when they reviewed video of the
launch taken by high-speed cameras.
ABCNEWS has learned some engineers felt the flying insulation could have made
a hole in the tiles or knocked some tiles off the shuttle. Readdy said it is
not unusual for debris to fall off a shuttle during launch.
He said an engineering report issued on the 12th day of the shuttle's 16-day
flight determined that the broken piece of insulation did cause structural
damage, but concluded that there would be "no burn-through and
safety-of-flight issues."
"The best and brightest engineers we have who helped design and build the
system looked carefully at the analysis and information we had at the time
and made a determination this was not a safety-of-flight issue," said Michael
Kostelnik, NASA deputy associate administrator. "We're very aware of the
anomaly that was observed. … We were in complete agreement with their
assessment."
Still, Dittemore said, NASA will redo its analysis from scratch.
"We are making the assumption from the start that the external tank was the
root cause of the problem that lost Columbia," he said."That's a drastic
assumption and it's sobering."
Had the Columbia crew known of damage, though, there was probably little they
could have done about it, said Sally Ride, America's first woman in space and
a member of the commission that investigated the Challenger disaster. The
Challenger shuttle exploded during liftoff 17 years ago.
"There really isn't a way to inspect the bottom of the shuttle and there is
no way to do anything about it even if you found there was tile damage," she
told ABCNEWS' Good Morning America.
A Search Expanded, a President’s Pledge
While engineers at the Johnson Space Center in Houston were analyzing
billions of pieces of electronic data radioed to Earth by Columbia on
Saturday morning, state and federal officials continued to search for debris
of the shattered spacecraft. Tonight, investigators recovered the front of
Columbia's nose cone three miles west of Hemphill, Texas, near the Louisiana
border. Other officials on site say the nose cone is burrowed deep in the
ground and investigators will return to the site Tuesday to dig it out.
NASA has expanded the search from central Texas to western Louisiana, and
officials established a second collection site at the Naval Air Base Station
Forth Worth/Joint Reserve Base in Forth Worth.
Searchers are looking for debris from Columbia in east Texas and Louisiana.
(ABCNEWS.com/ Maps.com)
Remains of Columbia crew members have also been recovered from multiple
locations and investigators want to make the fallen astronauts their priority.
"We are trying to recover these national heroes and get them back to their
families as soon as possible," said Kostelnik.
President Bush met with NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe today to get an
update on the disaster, and planned to visit Houston on Tuesday to attend a
memorial service for the astronauts.
The White House said it was too early to consider plans to consider
rebuilding Columbia but Bush, in a speech at the National Institutes of
Health in Maryland, promised that the seven astronauts did not die in vain
and the space shuttle program would continue.
"The cause for which they died will continue," Bush said. "America's journey
into space will continue."
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